HRs for the association between type 2 diabetes and lung cancer risk, stratified by waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, smoking and menopausal status (women) in the Shanghai Men's Health Study (2002–2010) and the Shanghai Women's Health Study (1997–2010)*
| No type 2 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases/ person-years | HR (95% CI) | Number of cases/ person-years | HR (95% CI)* | |
| Men | ||||
| Waist-to-hip ratio† | ||||
| 1st tertile | 187/122 101 | 1.00 (referent) | 7/5808 | 0.59 (0.27 to 1.28) |
| 2nd tertile | 129/121 267 | 1.00 (referent) | 10/9063 | 0.67 (0.35 to 1.30) |
| 3rd tertile | 134/111 533 | 1.00 (referent) | 25/13 954 | 1.13 (0.71 to 1.78) |
| Waist circumference (cm)‡ | ||||
| Less than 85 | 163/93 856 | 1.00 (referent) | 4/4254 | 0.38 (0.14 to 1.04) |
| Greater than 85 | 287/261 046 | 1.00 (referent) | 38/24 571 | 1.02 (0.71 to 1.46) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoker | 53/106 860 | 1.00 (referent) | 10/11 199 | 1.46 (0.71 to 3.02) |
| Former smoker | 76/36 466 | 1.00 (referent) | 13/4811 | 0.97 (0.52 to 1.80) |
| Current smoker | 321/211 575 | 1.00 (referent) | 19/12 815 | 0.67 (0.41 to 1.10) |
| Smoking (pack-years) | ||||
| 0–10 | 80/147 829 | 1.00 (referent) | 11/14 143 | 1.06 (0.54 to 2.06) |
| 10–20 | 55/70 068 | 1.00 (referent) | 5/4313 | 0.93 (0.36 to 2.42) |
| Greater than 20 | 315/137 004 | 1.00 (referent) | 26/10 369 | 0.78 (0.51 to 1.19) |
| Women | ||||
| Waist-to-hip ratio¶ | ||||
| 1st tertile | 133/282 622 | 1.00 (referent) | 2/8367 | 0.44 (0.11 to 1.80) |
| 2nd tertile | 139/277 675 | 1.00 (referent) | 24/20 108 | 1.37 (0.80 to 2.34) |
| 3rd tertile | 197/240 861 | 1.00 (referent) | 30/44 126 | 0.63 (0.40 to 1.01) |
| Waist circumference (cm)§ | ||||
| Less than 80 | 245/502 838 | 1.00 (referent) | 15/20 482 | 1.01 (0.56 to 1.82) |
| More than 80 | 224/298 320 | 1.00 (referent) | 41/52 119 | 0.74 (0.49 to 1.13) |
| Smoking status** | ||||
| Never smoker | 428/781 407 | 1.00 (referent) | 50/69 261 | 0.98 (0.72 to 1.34) |
| Former and current smoker | 41/19 751 | 1.00 (referent) | 6/3339 | 0.53 (0.21 to 1.39) |
| Menopausal status | ||||
| Yes | 365/365 579 | 1.00 (referent) | 49/54 772 | 0.84 (0.61 to 1.50) |
| No | 104/435 575 | 1.00 (referent) | 7/17 828 | 2.12 (0.96 to 4.67) |
*The adjusted covariates are as indicated in table 1.
†1st tertile: <0.878; 2nd tertile: 0.878–0.924; 3rd tertile: ≥0.924.
‡A waist circumference≥85 cm for men was defined as overweight and central adiposity.
¶1st tertile: <0.785; 2nd tertile: 0.785–0.831; 3rd tertile: ≥0.831.
§A waist circumference ≥80 cm for women was defined as overweight and central adiposity.
**Owing to the limited number of former smokers among women, the former and current smokers were combined.