Table 3

Multiple regression models: associations between conditional gain (z-scores) in body composition measures and blood pressure*†

	Adjusted R²	Systolic pressure				Adjusted R²	Diastolic pressure
	Adjusted R²	β	95% CI		p Value	Adjusted R²	β	95% CI		p Value
Model 1—weight‡ (N=684)	0.067					0.055
Birth weight z-score		0.22	−0.45	0.89	0.5		0.12	−0.38	0.62	0.6
Weight: 0–6 months§		1.40	0.76	2.02	<0.001		0.81	0.34	1.27	0.001
Weight: 6–12 months§		0.51	−0.09	1.12	0.1		0.36	−0.09	0.82	0.1
Weight: 12–24 months§		1.20	0.59	1.81	<0.001		0.76	0.30	1.22	0.001
Weight: 24–36 months§		1.07	0.46	1.67	0.001		0.44	−0.01	0.89	0.06
Model 2—length/height‡ (N=649)	0.027					0.038
Birth length z-score		0.41	−0.36	1.18	0.3		0.08	−0.49	0.65	0.8
Height: 0–6 months§		0.91	0.27	1.54	0.005		0.42	−0.05	0.89	0.08
Height: 6–12 months§		0.66	0.02	1.30	0.04		0.27	−0.20	0.74	0.3
Height: 12–24 months§		0.74	0.09	1.38	0.03		0.72	0.25	1.20	0.003
Height: 24–36 months§		0.32	−0.33	0.96	0.3		0.15	−0.32	0.63	0.5
Model 3—abdominal circumference¶ (N=664)	0.088					0.077
Birth abdominal circumference z-score		0.22	−0.40	0.84	0.5		−0.29	−0.76	0.18	0.2
Abdominal circumference§: 0–6 months		1.59	0.97	2.21	<0.001		1.04	0.57	1.51	<0.001
Abdominal circumference§: 6–12 months		−0.03	−0.64	0.59	0.9		−0.23	−0.70	0.23	0.3
Abdominal circumference§: 12–24 months		0.58	−0.03	1.19	0.06		0.46	−0.005	0.92	0.053
Abdominal circumference§: 24–36 months		1.84	1.24	2.46	<0.001		1.02	0.56	1.48	<0.001
Model 4—subscapular skinfold thickness¶ (N=630)	0.018					0.035
Birth subscapular skinfold		−0.17	−0.85	0.52	0.6		−0.25	−0.76	0.26	0.3
Subscapular skinfold§: 0–6 months		0.35	−0.33	1.02	0.3		0.09	−0.41	0.59	0.7
Subscapular skinfold§: 6–12 months		0.99	0.32	1.65	0.004		0.79	0.30	1.28	0.002
Subscapular skinfold§: 12–24 months		0.52	−0.14	1.17	0.1		0.02	−0.46	0.50	0.9
Subscapular skinfold§: 24–36 months		0.54	−0.12	1.19	0.1		0.25	−0.24	0.73	0.3

*Residuals derived from regression model with the specified z-score as the independent variable.
†All analyses adjusted for crying, maternal education and maternal smoking in late pregnancy.
‡z-Scores derived from percentile curve growth charts UK.15
§Adjusted for measurements at all preceding time points.
¶z-Scores derived internally from Southampton Women's Survey data.