Inclusion and exclusion criteria
| Criterion | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
| Population | Patients with PTSD diagnosed by a clinician according to DSM or ICD criteria; no or stable concurrent psychotropic medication | Non-clinical or undiagnosed samples; samples in which PTSD is not the primary diagnosis; changes in psychotropic medication during the trial |
| Intervention | TFP combined with at least one additional non-pharmacological treatment component (augmentation) | No TFP; pharmacological augmentation strategy only |
| Comparator | TFP only or with a placebo-augmentation control condition | No TFP; augmentation strategy only |
| Outcomes | PTSD symptom severity, assessed with a clinician-administered PTSD scale (eg, CAPS-552) or validated self-reports (eg, PCL-553) | Self-reports without validation |
| Study design | Randomised controlled trials | Non-randomised trials, including non-controlled before–after studies, case–control studies, single/clinical case studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses |
CAPS, clinician-administered PTSD scale; DSM, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; ICD, international classification of disease; PCL, PTSD checklist; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; TFP, trauma-focused psychotherapy.