General characteristics of the articles included
| Characteristic | Number (n=53) |
| Sample | |
| Nurses | 30 (56%) |
| Nurses and healthcare staff | 10 (19%) |
| Nurses and parents | 4 (7.5%) |
| Nurses, healthcare staff and parents | 9 (16.5%) |
| Methods | |
| Individual interviews | 31 (58%) |
| Interviews and questionnaires | 1 (2%) |
| Interviews and focus groups | 7 (13%) |
| Interviews and observation | 7 (13%) |
| Interviews and simulation observation | 1 (2%) |
| Focus groups | 4 (8%) |
| Observation clinical meetings and survey | 2 (4%) |
| Country | |
| USA | 16 (30%) |
| Canada | 8 (15%) |
| Europe (including the UK) | 15 (28%) |
| South America | 5 (10%) |
| Australia | 4 (7.5%) |
| Asia | 4 (7.5%) |
| Multicountry | 1 (2%) |
| Location | |
| Single PICU | 40 (75%) |
| Single hospital PICU and NICU | 5 (9.5%) |
| Multiple PICUs | 3 (6%) |
NICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; PICU, paediatric intensive care unit.