Table 3

Study eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteriaExclusion criteria

  • Children aged 2–10 years of age (cluster sampling).

  • >6 months of age (dense sampling).

  • Any symptoms of severe malaria.

  • Fever (axillary temperature≥37.5°C) or history of fever in the preceding 24 hours.

  • At least one positive parasitological test for malaria diagnosis via RDT*.

  • Negative parasitological test for malaria via RDT (except any women at their first ANC visit, who will be recruited before testing for malaria with an RDT).

OR

  • Pregnant women (≥12 years of age) attending first antenatal care visit.

  • Unwilling to provide informed, written consent.

AND

  • Informed, written consent to participate from participant and/or guardian.

  • History of antimalarial treatment in the last 14 days

  • *Routine RDT (First Response® Malaria Antigen P. falciparum HRP2 [Premier Medical Inc] or SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf [Abbott, 05FK50], depending on national procurement at the time of the study) plus a second confirmatory RDT (BIOCREDIT Malaria Ag Pf pLDH, Rapigen Inc), the latter being provided to support detection of P. falciparum parasites with pfhrp2 deletions

  • ANC, antenatal care; RDT, rapid diagnostic test.