Univariate analysis of the risk factors in ESBL-positive patients
| Risk factors | All patients (%) | ESBL-negative (%) | ESBL-positive (%) | P value |
| Total | 394 | 202 (51.3) | 192 (48.7) | |
| Gender (male) | 109 (27.9) | 59 (29.2) | 50 (26.0) | 0.483 |
| Advanced age (≥60 years) | 227 (57.6) | 108 (53.5) | 119 (62.0) | 0.088 |
| Underlying diseases and comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes | 161 (40.9) | 86 (42.6) | 75 (39.1) | 0.479 |
| Hypertension | 142 (36.0) | 68 (33.7) | 74 (38.5) | 0.314 |
| Parenchymal tumour | 43 (10.9) | 17 (8.4) | 26 (13.5) | 0.025 |
| Urinary bladder carcinoma | 13 (3.3) | 4 (2.0) | 9 (4.7) | 0.144 |
| Prostatic cancer | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.1) | 0.999 |
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia | 29 (7.4) | 10 (5.0) | 19 (9.9) | 0.065 |
| Urolithiasis stone fragmentation | 43 (10.9) | 15 (7.4) | 28 (14.6) | 0.025 |
| Urological surgery | 58 (14.7) | 21 (10.4) | 37 (19.3) | 0.014 |
| Hospitalisation (within 6 months) | 80 (20.3) | 26 (12.8) | 54 (28.1) | <0.001 |
| ICU hospitalisation (within 6 months) | 11 (2.8) | 4 (2.0) | 7 (3.6) | 0.323 |
| Indwelling catheter outside hospital | 54 (13.7) | 19 (9.4) | 35 (18.2) | 0.002 |
| Antibiotic use (within 6 months) | 110 (27.9) | 41 (20.3) | 69 (35.9) | <0.001 |
| Second-generation cephalosporins | 20 (5.1) | 9 (4.5) | 11 (5.7) | 0.566 |
| Third-generation cephalosporins | 67 (17.0) | 24 (11.9) | 43 (22.4) | 0.006 |
| Quinolone antibiotics | 35 (8.9) | 17 (8.4) | 18 (9.4) | 0.492 |
Bold values signifies a univariate analysis, and P value less than 0.05 in the table is listed in bold form, it presents that patients with parenchymal tumor, history of urolithiasis stone fragementation, history of urological surgery, indwelling catheter outside hospital, hospitalization within 6 months and third-generation cephalosporins use are factors significantly associated with COUTIs caused by ESBL-EC
ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; ICU, intensive care unit.