Characteristics and main results of the studies considered in this review
Author | Healthcare system | Years total emissions reported | Latest year of emissions reported | CF in Mt CO2eq | % of total national CF | tCO2eq/cap | Transparency score (%) |
Tennison et al8 | England | 1990–2019 | 2019 | 25 | n.i. | 0.445 | 88 |
SDU9 | England | 1992–2017 | 2017 | 25 | n.i. | n.i. | 71 |
Nansai et al10 | Japan | 2011–2015 | 2015 | 72 | 4.6 | 0.49 | 82 |
Eckelman and Sherman11 | USA | 2003–2013 | 2013 | 655 | 9.8 | 2.07 | 85 |
Eckelman et al12 | USA | 2010–2018 | 2018 | 554 | n.i. | n.i. | 76 |
Eckelman et al13 | Canada | 2009–2015 | 2015 | 33 | 5.7 | 0.92 | 94 |
Health Facilities Scotland14 | Scotland | 1990–2004 | 2004 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 0.52 | 76 |
Wu15 | China | 2012 | 2012 | 315 | 2.,7 | 0.23 | 94 |
Malik et al16 | Australia | 2013–2015 | 2015 | 36 | 7.0 | 1.50 | 85 |
Weisz et al17 | Austria | 2014 | 2014 | 6.8 | 7 | 0.8 | 94 |
Steenmeijer et al18 | Netherlands | 2016 | 2016 | 17 575 | 17.6 | n.i. | 88 |
Malik et al19 | New South Wales, Australia | 2017 | 2017 | 0.008 | 6.6 | n.i. | 71 |
Pichler et al20 | OECD countries; China, India | 2014 | 2014 | Online supplemental file 4 | Ø 5.5 s. Online supplemental file 4 | Online supplemental file 4 | 94 |
Karliner et al21 | 43 countries; EU; rest of the world | 2014 | 2014 | Online supplemental file 4 | Ø 4.4 s. Online supplemental file 4 | Online supplemental file 4 | 88 |
Lenzen et al22 | Global | 2007–2015 | 2015 | 2290 | n.i. | n.i. | 88 |
cap, capita; CF, carbon footprint; CO2eq, CO2 equivalents; EU, European Union; Mt, megatonnes; n.i., not identified; OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; t, tonnes.