Table 2

Characteristics and main results of the studies considered in this review

AuthorHealthcare systemYears total emissions reportedLatest year of emissions reportedCF in Mt CO2eq% of total national CFtCO2eq/capTransparency score (%)
Tennison et al8England1990–2019201925n.i.0.44588
SDU9England1992–2017201725n.i.n.i.71
Nansai et al10Japan2011–20152015724.60.4982
Eckelman and Sherman11USA2003–201320136559.82.0785
Eckelman et al12USA2010–20182018554n.i.n.i.76
Eckelman et al13Canada2009–20152015335.70.9294
Health Facilities Scotland14Scotland1990–200420042.63.60.5276
Wu15China201220123152.,70.2394
Malik et al16Australia2013–20152015367.01.5085
Weisz et al17Austria201420146.870.894
Steenmeijer et al18Netherlands2016201617 57517.6n.i.88
Malik et al19New South Wales, Australia201720170.0086.6n.i.71
Pichler et al20OECD countries; China, India20142014Online supplemental file 4Ø 5.5 s. Online supplemental file 4Online supplemental file 494
Karliner et al2143 countries; EU; rest of the world20142014Online supplemental file 4Ø 4.4 s. Online supplemental file 4Online supplemental file 488
Lenzen et al22Global2007–201520152290n.i.n.i.88
  • cap, capita; CF, carbon footprint; CO2eq, CO2 equivalents; EU, European Union; Mt, megatonnes; n.i., not identified; OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; t, tonnes.