Table 2

Multinomial logistic regression of multimorbidity among older adults by sociodemographic and health parameters

	One morbidity		Multimorbidity
	RRR	95% CI	RRR	95% CI
Sex
Male
Female	1.17**	1.03 to 1.34	1.06	0.89 to 1.24
Age
60–69
70+	1.11	0.99 to 1.24	0.94	0.82 to 1.07
Marital status
Currently married
Never married	1.00	0.50 to 1.98	0.43**	0.20 to 0.90
Divorced/separated/deserted	1.18	0.72 to 1.90	0.69	0.44 to 1.07
Education
No education
Below primary	1.40***	1.18 to 1.66	1.74***	1.40 to 2.15
Primary	1.43***	1.20 to 1.71	2.04***	1.67 to 2.48
Secondary	1.49***	1.26 to 1.76	2.26***	1.88 to 2.70
Higher	1.57***	1.16 to 2.13	2.12***	1.49 to 3.04
Living arrangements
Living alone
With spouse	1.14	0.68 to 1.89	0.63	0.38 to 1.02
With others	0.86	0.69 to 1.07	0.78	0.59 to 1.03
Place of residence
Rural
Urban	1.60***	1.38 to 1.86	2.35***	2.02 to 2.74
Currently working
Yes
No	1.47***	1.31 to 1.64	2.18***	1.90 to 2.51
Wealth index
Poorest
Poorer	1.24***	1.07 to 1.44	1.53***	1.26 to 1.85
Middle	1.32***	1.13 to 1.55	1.79***	1.47 to 2.18
Richer	1.50***	1.26 to 1.78	2.06***	1.71 to 2.48
Richest	1.48***	1.23 to 1.78	2.86***	2.29 to 3.55
Self-rated health
Poor
Good	0.60***	0.51 to 0.70	0.33***	0.28 to 0.39
Tobacco use
No
Yes	0.93	0.82 to 1.04	0.76***	0.67 to 0.87
Alcohol use
Yes
No	1.04	0.90 to 1.18	1.02	0.88 to 1.19
ADL disability
Severe ADL
Moderate ADL	0.73	0.46 to 1.13	0.68	0.42 to 1.09
No ADL	0.61**	0.39 to 0.96	0.43***	0.27 to 0.70
IADL disability
Severe IADL
Moderate IADL	1.41**	1.03 to 1.93	1.59**	1.10 to 2.28
No IADL	1.07	0.77 to 1.47	1.00	0.68 to 1.45

***if p<0.01; ** if p<0.05; *if p<0.1.
*No morbidity is considered as the base outcome.
ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, independent ADL; RRR, relative risk ratio.