Table 2

Intervention effect on each outcome

	ITT analysis (n=29)			Per-protocol analysis (n=14)
	β	95% CI	P value	β	95% CI	P value
Pain intensity	0.01	−0.50 to 0.52	0.965	−0.16	−0.90 to 0.58	0.680
RDQ total score	−0.59	−1.26 to 0.08	0.085	−0.86	−2.10 to 0.39	0.177
WLQ
Productivity loss (%)	−1.04	−2.70 to 0.61	0.218	−2.31	−4.79 to 0.17	0.068
Time management demands	−5.48	−13.71 to 2.74	0.191	−10.28	−20.49 to −0.07	0.048
Mental-interpersonal demands	−5.31	−11.10 to 0.48	0.072	−10.48	−20.56 to −0.41	0.041
Physical demands	1.23	−2.78 to 5.25	0.548	1.92	−3.86 to 7.71	0.515
Output demands	−1.05	−8.61 to 6.52	0.786	−9.34	−21.88 to 3.19	0.144
Physical activity
Time spent sedentary (%)	−0.95	−4.58 to 2.67	0.607	−1.80	−6.62 to 3.03	0.466
Time spent for LPA (%)	0.92	−1.96 to 3.81	0.531	−0.02	−3.73 to 3.68	0.990
Time spent for MVPA (%)	0.15	−1.17 to 1.48	0.820	1.88	0.03 to 3.72	0.046
Step	146.80	−850.72 to 1144.33	0.773	889.44	−511.34 to 2290.21	0.213
STarT Back total score	−0.20	−0.57 to 0.18	0.306	−0.41	−1.08 to 0.27	0.235

All models were adjusted with time effect; participants with less than 28.6% (median) or the median for adherence were excluded from the per-protocol analysis. All outcomes were measured at five time points (once in 4 weeks).
ITT, intention-to-treat; LPA, low physical activity; MVPA, moderate-vigorous physical activity; RDQ, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; WLQ, Work Limitations Questionnaire.