Multivariable logistic regression analysis examining the association between women’s empowerment and ability to achieve fertility preference for low and middle resource countries
| Dependent variable: women’s ability to achieve fertility desire | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
| Women’s empowerment | |
| No voice of women in all three decisions (ref) | |
| Has any voice in three household decision | 1.12‡ (1.08 to 1.16) |
| At least one reason is rationalised for wife-beating (ref) | |
| No reason is rationalised for wife-beating | 1.08‡ (1.05 to 1.12) |
| Husband’s Influence | |
| Husband-wife match with preferred offspring (ref) | |
| Husband desire higher preferred offspring than wife | 3.50‡ (3.37 to 3.63) |
| Husband desire lower preferred offspring than wife | 0.68‡ (0.65 to 0.71) |
| Socio-economic and demographic characteristics | |
| Age difference | 0.97‡ (0.97 to 0.98) |
| Educational difference | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| Age at first marriage | 0.93‡ (0.92 to 0.93) |
| Going to healthcare centre is not permitted (ref) | |
| Going to healthcare centre is permitted | 1.09‡ (1.05 to 1.14) |
| Women education | |
| No education (ref) | |
| Primary | 0.93‡ (0.89 to 0.97) |
| Secondary | 0.64‡ (0.60 to 0.67) |
| Higher | 0.37‡ (0.33 to 0.40) |
| Residence type | |
| Urban (ref) | |
| Rural | 1.06† (1.02 to 1.10) |
| Wealth index | |
| Poorest (ref) | |
| Poor | 0.96 (0.92 to 1.02) |
| Middle | 0.97 (0.92 to 1.02) |
| Rich | 0.94* (0.89 to 0.99) |
| Richest | 0.84‡ (0.79 to 0.89) |
| Role of media on family planning (radio, television or newspaper) | |
| No exposure (ref) | |
| At least any exposure | 1.09‡ (1.06 to 1.13) |
| Polygamous union | |
| No (ref) | |
| Yes | 0.42‡ (0.40 to 0.44) |
| Employment status | |
| No work in the preceding year (ref) | |
| At least work in preceding year | 0.92‡ (0.89 to 0.95) |
| Wife contraceptive decision | |
| No decision (ref) | |
| At least any decision | 1.16‡ (1.10 to 1.23)) |
*P<0.05.
†P<0.01.
‡P<0.001.
ref, reference.