Baseline characteristics evaluated for each comparison
| Surgical procedure | Baseline characteristics |
| RP (ORP vs RRP) | Age, years |
| BMI, kg/m² | |
| ASA score | |
| PSA, ng/mL | |
| Clinical GS ≤6, % | |
| Clinical GS=7, % | |
| Clinical GS ≥8, % | |
| Pathological GS ≤6, % | |
| Pathological GS=7, % | |
| Pathological GS ≥8, % | |
| pT ≥3, % | |
| pN ≥1, % | |
| RC (ORC vs RRC) | Age, years |
| BMI, kg/m² | |
| ASA score | |
| Male, % | |
| Female, % | |
| NACH, % | |
| pT ≥3, % | |
| pN ≥1, % | |
| number of nodes removed, mean | |
| PN (OPN vs RPN) and RN (ORN vs RRN) | Age, years |
| BMI, kg/m² | |
| ASA score, % | |
| Male, % | |
| Preoperative eGFR | |
| Left/right side, % | |
| Tumour size, cm | |
| Renal score | |
| Renal score ≤6, % | |
| Renal score 7–10, % | |
| Renal score 11–12, % | |
| pT ≥1 b, % | |
| RPLND (ORPLND vs RRPLND) | Age, years |
| BMI, kg/m² | |
| ASA score | |
| Primary laterality left/right side, % | |
| Preoperative AFP (ng/mL) | |
| Preoperative hCG (mlU/mL) | |
| Lympho vascular invasion, % | |
| pT ≥2, % | |
| pN ≥1, % | |
| number of nodes removed, mean |
AFP, Alpha Fetoprotein; ASA, American Society of Anaesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular rate; GS, Gleason Score; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; NACH, neoadjuvant chemotherapy; OPN, open partial nephrectomy; ORC, open radical cystectomy; ORN, open radical nephrectomy; ORP, open radical prostatectomy; ORPLND, open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection; pN, pathological node stage; PN, partial nephrectomy; PSA, prostate specific antigen ; pT, pathological tumor stage; RC, radical cystectomy; RN, radical nephrectomy; RP, radical prostatectomy; RPLND, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection; RPN, robotic partial nephrectomy; RRC, robotic radical cystectomy; RRN, robotic radical nephrectomy; RRP, robotic radical prostatectomy; RRPLND, robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.