One-year associations between weight loss (%) and changes in liver-related and diabetes-related variables
| Variables | CCI cohort, n=262 | |||
| ≤5% n=54 | 5%–10% n=65 | >10% n=143 | P value | |
| Liver-related parameters | ||||
| Δ ALT (U/L)* | −3.99±2.83 | −7.30±2.32 | −12.52±2.41 | 0.01 |
| Δ Platelet (×109)* | −20.36±5.32 | −25.33±4.38 | −23.5±3.24 | 0.656 |
| Δ ALP (U/L)* | −4.36±2.18 | −9.70±1.93 | −11.45±1.45† | 0.007 |
| Metabolic-related parameters | ||||
| Δ HbA1c (%)* | −0.92±0.21 | −1.25±0.16 | −1.58±0.13† | 0.002 |
| Δ Triglycerides (mg/dL)* | −6.25±39.3 | −34.63±25.8 | −63.8±13.9† | 0.007 |
| Δ Cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 1.34±7.22 | - 0.17±5.78 | 10.07±3.83 | 0.134 |
| Δ HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)* | −0.84±1.8 | 6.17±1.51‡ | 10.41±1.07† | 4.6×10–8 |
| Δ LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 3.42±8.14 | 0.53±5.15 | 12.41±3.79 | 0.183 |
| Kidney function parameters | ||||
| Δ Creatinine (mg/dL)* | −0.023±0.022 | −0.008±0.019 | −0.065±0.017 | 0.039 |
| Non-invasive biomarkers | ||||
| Δ NAFLD-LFS* | −0.197±0.86 | −1.291±0.65 | −2.805±0.44† | 2.5×10–7 |
| >−0.640§, n (%) | 46 (85%) | 56 (86%) | 95 (66%) | 0.001 |
| Δ NAFLD fibrosis score* | 0.055±0.13 | −0.351±0.10 | −1.014±0.08† | 2.6×10–15 |
| <−1.455§, n (%) | 14 (26%) | 14 (22%) | 59 (41%) | 0.007 |
| Other parameters | ||||
| Δ CRP (mg/dL)* | −0.506±1.66 | −2.831±1.0 | −3.970±1.42 | 0.012 |
| Δ BHB (mmol/L)* | 0.017±0.06 | 0.061±0.03 | 0.203±0.03† | 3.8×10–4 |
Intention-to-treat analysis.
The sign means± SEs. P values represent difference between groups. Δ means change from baseline.
*Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling by BMI and baseline values for each analysed covariate.
†Significant difference (p<0.001) between WL >10% as compared with WL 5%–10% and <5%.
‡Significant difference (p<0.001) between WL >10% and WL 5%–10% as compared with WL <5%.
§For categorical variables, p value for the Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test for trend and for continuous variables.
All ANCOVA analyses were adjusted by Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons (p <0.0025).
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BHB, beta-hydroxybutyrate; BMI, body mass index; CCI, continuous care intervention; CRP, C reactive protein; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LFS, liver fat score; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; WL, weight loss.